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Configuring OSPF Routing
Introduction to OSPF
MultiVoice Gateway for the MAX— User’s Guide Preliminary November 23, 1998 9-5
dedicate the MultiVoice Gateway to WAN processing. The administrator chooses a DR and
BDR on the basis of the device’s processing power and reliability.
To reduce the number of adjacencies each router must form, OSPF calls one of the routers the
designated router. A designated router is elected as routers are forming adjacencies, and then
all other routers establish adjacencies only with the designated router. This simplifies the
routing table update procedure and reduces the number of link-state records in the database.
The designated router plays other important roles as well, to reduce the overhead of OSPF
link-state procedures. For example, other routers send link-state advertisements to the
designated router only by using the all-designated-routers multicast address of 224.0.0.6.
To prevent the designated router from becoming a serious liability to the network if it fails,
OSPF also elects a backup designated router at the same time. Other routers maintain
adjacencies with both the designated router and its backup router, but the backup router leaves
as many of the processing tasks as possible to the designated router. If the designated router
fails, the backup immediately becomes the designated router and a new backup is elected.
The administrator chooses which router is to be the designated router on the basis of the
processing power, speed, and memory of the system, and then assigns priorities to other routers
on the network in case the backup designated router is also down at the same time.
Configurable metrics
The administrator assigns a cost to the output side of each router interface. The lower the cost,
the more likely the interface is to be used to forward data traffic. Costs can also be associated
with the externally derived routing data.
The OSPF cost can also be used for preferred path selection. If two paths to a destination have
equal costs, you can assign a higher cost to one of the paths, to configure it as a backup to be
used only when the primary path is not available.
Figure 9-4 shows how costs are used to direct traffic over high-speed links. For example, if
Router-2 in Figure 9-4 receives packets destined for Host B, it routes them through Router-1
across two T1 links (Cost=20) rather than across one 56Kbps B channel to Router-3
(Cost=240).
Figure 9-4. OSPF costs for different types of links
The MultiVoice Gateway has a default cost of 1 for a connected route (Ethernet) and 10 for a
WAN link. If you have two paths to the same destination, the one with the lower cost will be
used. You might want to account for the bandwidth of a connection when assigning costs. For
- MultiVoice Gateway 1
- User’s Guide 1
- Ascend Customer Service 3
- Important safety instructions 5
- Contents 7
- About This Guide 21
- What you should know 22
- Documentation conventions 22
- Related publications 23
- A brief overview 25
- Basic Multivoice network 26
- Coverage Areas 27
- IP network 28
- Reregistration policy 29
- Keep-alive registration 29
- MultiVoice applications 32
- Local 800 service 33
- PC-to-Phone calls 36
- MAX 6000 Base Unit 37
- Checking the expansion cards 39
- DSP card 40
- DRAM card 41
- PCMCIA flash card 41
- Interfaces on the base unit 42
- Hardware 45
- Inserting an expansion card 47
- Setting up the hardware 48
- Connecting to input power 50
- Connecting to the LAN 50
- MAX 6000/4000 51
- MAX 2000 53
- MAX 4000 56
- Edit Line Config 57
- Press any key 57
- Gateway 58
- Navigating the User Interface 59
- The Main Edit menu 60
- Understanding menu numbering 61
- Common menu items 62
- MAX 4000/6000 menu items 62
- MAX 2000 menu items 63
- Opening menus and profiles 64
- Opening edit fields 65
- Setting enumerated parameters 66
- Saving your changes 66
- Privileges and passwords 68
- Other administrative profiles 69
- Before you begin 71
- Configuring T1 lines 71
- T1 signalling mode 72
- Carrier switch type 73
- T1 line framing and encoding 73
- Collecting DNIS and ANI 74
- Examples of T1 configuration 75
- DNIS and ANI collection 76
- Using NFAS signalling 77
- Testing T1 connections 78
- Configuring E1 lines 80
- E1 signalling mode 81
- E1 framing 82
- Group signalling 82
- Collecting Caller ID 82
- Examples of E1 configuration 83
- Testing E1 connections 86
- ISDN call information 87
- Configuring MultiVoice 95
- PIN collection 98
- Voice compression and coding 98
- Dynamic jitter buffer control 99
- Configuration options 100
- Configuring Gatekeepers 101
- Line 2 103
- Sig Mode=Inband 103
- Rob Ctl=wink-inc-200 103
- Collect DNIS/ANI=yes 103
- Configuring audio compression 104
- Using Near-end cut through 111
- Using authentication 113
- Configuring Frame Relay 117
- NO LINKNO LINKNO LINK 118
- Link management protocol 121
- MRU (Maximum Receive Units) 122
- Configuring an NNI interface 122
- UNI-DTE UNI-DCE 123
- Displaying DLCI status 129
- Configuring IP Routing 131
- Ascend notation 132
- Zero subnets 133
- IP routes 134
- Address = 12.1.1.1 137
- Address = 13.9.7.4 137
- Primary Address = 12.1.1.2 137
- Secondary Address = 13.9.7.5 137
- Ignoring the default route 138
- Proxy ARP and inverse ARP 138
- Telnet password 138
- BOOTP Relay 138
- Local domain name 139
- DNS or WINS name servers 139
- DNS lists 139
- SNTP service 139
- UDP checksums 140
- Configuring DNS 141
- Show commands 143
- DNStab commands 143
- Editing the local DNS table 145
- Route names 146
- Activating a route 146
- Route’s destination address 146
- Static route preferences 148
- RIP and OSPF preferences 148
- RIP Policy and RIP Summary 151
- Ignoring ICMP Redirects 151
- Displaying the routing table 152
- Displaying route statistics 154
- Pinging other IP hosts 156
- Configuring Finger support 157
- Displaying information 157
- Configuring OSPF Routing 163
- Ascend implementation of OSPF 164
- OSPF features 164
- Security 165
- Introduction to OSPF 166
- Configurable metrics 167
- Hierarchical routing (areas) 168
- Stub areas 168
- Not So Stubby Areas (NSSAs) 169
- NSSAs and Type-7 LSAs 169
- Ethernet 174
- Mod Config 174
- Ether options 174
- IP Adrs=10.168.8.17/24 174
- 2nd Adrs=0.0.0.0 174
- Administering OSPF 176
- Multipath routing 177
- Third-party routing 177
- How OSPF adds RIP routes 178
- Route preferences 178
- Monitoring OSPF 179
- Displaying OSPF errors 180
- Displaying OSPF areas 180
- Displaying OSPF neighbors 184
- Displaying OSPF protocol i/o 185
- MultiVoice Gateway System 187
- Administration 187
- 00-300 Security 188
- >0=ESC 188
- P=Password 188
- The system name 190
- Console and term rate 190
- Terminal-server commands 193
- Returning to the VT100 menus 194
- SLIP, CSLIP, and PPP commands 195
- Menu command 195
- Specifying Telnet hosts 195
- Specifying raw TCP hosts 196
- Telnet command 197
- Telnet command arguments 197
- Telnet session commands 198
- Telnet error messages 198
- Rlogin command 198
- TCP command 199
- Administrative commands 200
- Set command 202
- Show command 204
- Show ISDN 205
- Show Calls 206
- Show Uptime 206
- Show Revision 207
- Show Users 207
- SNMP administration support 208
- Setting community strings 209
- Setting SNMP traps 210
- Ascend enterprise traps 211
- Supported MIBs 212
- Troubleshooting 213
- MultiVoice Gateway back panel 217
- ISDN cause codes 219
- Configuration problems 224
- Cannot access the VT100 225
- A Power-On Self Test fails 226
- No Logical Link status 227
- Testing a switch 229
- Provisioning the Switch 231
- MultiVoice Gateway Technical 237
- Specifications 237
- Power requirements 238
- Environmental requirements 238
- Cables and Connectors 241
- User interface specifications 242
- 10Base-T 244
- 100Base-T 244
- T1/PRI CSU requirements 245
- T1/PRI cable specifications 246
- T1 RJ48C-Loopback plug 251
- T1/PRI WAN ports 252
- E1/PRI cable specifications 252
- E1/PRI WAN ports 259
- For the Net/BRI module 259
- For the Host/BRI module 260
- Cable length requirements 260
- V.35 cable to WAN 261
- RS-449 cable to WAN 262
- Product warranty 263
- FCC Part 15 Notice 264
- FCC Part 68 Notice 264
- IC CS-03 Notice 265
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